Fa'ailoga Fa'ataulāitu Fa'alelalolagi | Fa'aalia Mealilo E te Le Iloa

O le aeleele seasea?
E silia ma le 200 tausaga talu ona maua e tagata soifua i le 1794. Talu ai e toalaiti minerale-earth minerale na maua i lena taimi, na o sina vaega itiiti o vai e le mafai ona faʻafefeteina e mafai ona maua e ala i vailaʻau. I tala faasolopito, o ia oxides sa masani ona taʻua o le "lalolagi", o le mea lea o le igoa o le eleele e le masani ai.

O le mea moni, Rare-earth minerale e le seasea i le natura. O le eleele seasea e le o se eleele, ae o se elemene uamea masani. O lona ituaiga malosi e na'o lona lua i metals alkali ma alkaline earth metals. E sili atu a latou mea i totonu o le paʻu nai lo le kopa masani, zinc, tin, cobalt, ma le nickel.

I le taimi nei, o eleele e le masani ai o loʻo faʻaaogaina lautele i vaega eseese e pei o mea tau eletise, petrochemicals, metallurgy, ma isi. Toeitiiti uma 3-5 tausaga, e mafai e saienitisi ona maua ni faʻaoga fou mo eleele e le masani ai, ma mai mea uma e ono, e le mafai e se tasi ona faia. e aunoa ma ni eleele seasea.

O Saina e mauoa i minerale e le masani ai eleele, faʻamuamua i tulaga tolu lalolagi: faʻasao, fua o gaosiga, ma le tele o oloa auina atu i fafo. I le taimi lava e tasi, o Saina foi na o le pau lea o le atunuʻu e mafai ona tuʻuina atu uma 17 uʻamea eleelea, aemaise lava le feololo ma le mamafa o eleele e le masani ai ma le taua tele o talosaga a le militeri.

Fausia elemene eleele seasea

O elemene eleele e le masani ai e aofia ai elemene Lanthanide i le laulau faʻavaitaimi o elemene vailaʻau:lanthanum(La),cerium(Ce),praseodymium(Pr),neodymium(Nd), promethium (Pm),samarium(Sm),europium(Eu),gadolinium(Gd),fa'ama'i(Tb),dysprosium(Dy),holmium(Ho),erbium(E),tulium(Tm),ytterbium(Yb),lutetium(Lu), ma elemene e lua e vavalalata vavalalata ma le lanthanide:scandium(Sc) mayttrium(Y).
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Ua ta'uaLalolagi Seasea, faapuupuuina o le Rare Earth.
eleele seasea

Fa'avasegaina o elemene e le masani ai le eleele

Fa'avasegaina i uiga fa'aletino ma kemisi o elemene:

Elemene malamalama e le masani ai le lalolagi:scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium

Eleele mamafa e seasea ona tupu:gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium

Fa'avasegaina i uiga o minerale:

Vaega cerium:lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium

Vaega Yttrium:gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, yttrium

Fa'avasegaga e ala i le fa'a'ese'esega:

Malamalama le eleele e le masani ai (P204 faʻamaʻi vaivai vaivai): lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium

Eleele e le masani ai (P204 maualalo le fa'asa'oina o mea'ai):samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium

O'ele'ele mamafa e seasea maua (su'ega su'esu'e ile P204):holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, yttrium

Meatotino o elemene eleele e le masani ai

E sili atu nai lo le 50 galuega a elemene eleele e le masani ai e fesoʻotaʻi ma la latou fausaga faʻaeletoroni tulaga ese 4f, faʻaaogaina lautele i mea masani ma mea faʻatekonolosi fou fanua.

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4f fa'aeletonika ta'amilosaga

1. Fa'aletino ma kemisi

★ E i ai uiga u'amea manino; E lanu efuefu siliva, vagana ai le praseodymium ma le neodymium, e foliga mai e lanu samasama

★ lanu oxide mauoa

★ Fausia mea faʻamautu ma mea e le o ni uʻamea

★ uamea olaola

★ Faigofie e oxidize i le ea

2 Optoelectronic meatotino

★ E le'i fa'atumuina 4f sublayer, lea e 4f electrons o lo'o puipuia i fafo electrons, fa'atupu i fa'amatalaga fa'aaliga eseese ma tulaga malosi.

Pe a suia le 4f electrons, e mafai ona latou faʻafefe pe faʻaosoina le faʻavelaina o galu eseese mai le ultraviolet, faʻaalia i itulagi infrared, faʻaogaina e avea ma mea faʻamalamalama.

★ Amioga lelei, mafai ona saunia u'amea eleele e seasea maua e ala i auala electrolysis

Le Matafaioi a le 4f Electrons o Elemene Fa'alelalolagi i Mea Fou

1.Materials fa'aogaina 4f fa'aeletoroni

★ 4f fa'asologa eletise eletise:faʻaalia o se maneta malosi - talafeagai mo le faʻaaogaina o mea maneta tumau, mea faʻataʻitaʻiga MRI, masini mageta, superconductors, ma isi.

★ 4f suiga eletise eletise: fa'aalia e pei o mea fa'amalamalama - talafeagai mo le fa'aogaina o mea fa'amalamalama e pei o phosphors, laser infrared, fiber amplifier, ma isi.

Suiga faaeletonika i le 4f malosi tulaga taʻiala taʻiala: faʻaalia e pei o mea valivali - talafeagai mo le valivali ma le faʻaleagaina o vaega vevela, pigments, suauʻu sima, tioata, ma isi.

2 e fesoʻotaʻi faʻatasi ma le 4f electron, faʻaaogaina le Ionic radius, totogi ma vailaʻau

★ uiga faaniukilia:

 Laiti neutron vevela Absorption koluse vaega - talafeagai mo le faʻaaogaina e fai ma mea faʻapipiʻi o reactors faaniukilia, ma isi.

 Lag neutron Absorption cross section – talafeagai mo mea e puipuia ai mea faaniukilia, ma isi.

★ Fa'asao ole lalolagi Ionic radius, tau, mea fa'aletino ma vaila'au:

 Lattice faaletonu, tutusa Ionic radius, mea tau kemisi, tau eseese - talafeagai mo le vevela, catalyst, elemene lagona, ma isi.

Fa'atonuga fa'atulagaina - talafeagai mo le fa'aoga e pei o mea fa'apipi'i fa'apipi'i fa'apipi'i hydrogen, mea e fa'afefete ai le microwave, ma isi

Electro optical ma dielectric meatotino - talafeagai mo le faʻaogaina e fai ma mea faʻaleleia mama, tioata manino, ma isi


Taimi meli: Iul-06-2023